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Professor of educational psychology

Arthur Jensen
Arthur Jensen Vanderbilt 2002.jpg

Arthur Jensen, 2002 at ISIR
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Arthur Robert Jensen


(1923-08-24)August 24, 1923

San Diego, California, U.Southward.
Died Oct 22, 2012(2012-10-22) (aged 89)

Kelseyville, California, U.S.
Alma mater Columbia University
San Diego State University
University of California, Berkeley
Known for Heritability of IQ, race and intelligence, g factor
Spouse(s) Barbara Jensen
Awards Kistler Prize (2003), ISIR Lifetime Achievement Award (2006)
Scientific career
Fields Educational psychology, intelligence, cognition, behavior genetics
Institutions Academy of California, Berkeley, Editorial boards of Intelligence and Personality and Individual Differences
Thesis (1956)
Doctoral counselor Percival Symonds
Influences Charles Spearman, Hans Eysenck

Arthur Robert Jensen (August 24, 1923 – October 22, 2012) was an American psychologist and writer. He was a professor of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.[1] [ii] Jensen was known for his work in psychometrics and differential psychology, the study of how and why individuals differ behaviorally from one another.

He was a major proponent of the hereditarian position in the nature and nurture debate, the position that genetics play a significant part in behavioral traits, such as intelligence and personality. He was the author of over 400 scientific papers published in refereed journals[3] and sat on the editorial boards of the scientific journals Intelligence and Personality and Individual Differences.[iv]

Jensen was controversial,[five] largely for his conclusions regarding the causes of race-based differences in IQ.[half dozen] A 2019 study found him to be the well-nigh controversial intelligence researcher amongst 55 persons covered.[seven]

Early life [edit]

Jensen was born Baronial 24, 1923, in San Diego, California, the son of Linda Mary (née Schachtmayer) and Arthur Alfred Jensen, who operated and endemic a lumber and building materials company.[8] His paternal grandparents were Danish immigrants and his mother was of half Smoothen Jewish and one-half German descent.[9]

Every bit a child, Jensen was interested in herpetology and classical music, playing clarinet in the San Diego Symphony orchestra.[10]

Jensen received a B.A. in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1945 and went on to obtain his Yard.A. in psychology in 1952 from San Diego State College. He earned his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Columbia University in 1956 under the supervision of Percival Symonds on the thematic apperception test.[11] From 1956 through 1958, he did postdoctoral inquiry at the University of London, Institute of Psychiatry with Hans Eysenck.

Upon returning to the United States, he became a researcher and professor at the Academy of California, Berkeley, where he focused on individual differences in learning, particularly the influences of culture, evolution, and genetics on intelligence and learning. He received tenure at Berkeley in 1962 and was given his first sabbatical in 1964. He concentrated much of his work on the learning difficulties of culturally disadvantaged students.

Jensen had a lifelong interest in classical music and was, early in his life, attracted by the idea of becoming a conductor himself. At 14, he conducted a band that won a nationwide competition held in San Francisco. Later, he conducted orchestras and attended a seminar given by Nikolai Sokoloff. Soon after graduating from Berkeley, he moved to New York, mainly to be virtually the conductor Arturo Toscanini. He was also securely interested in the life and example of Gandhi, producing an unpublished book-length manuscript on his life. During Jensen's period in San Diego he spent time working as a social worker with the San Diego Department of Public Welfare.

IQ and academic achievement [edit]

Jensen's interest in learning differences directed him to the extensive testing of school children. The results led him to distinguish betwixt two carve up types of learning power. Level I, or associative learning, may be divers every bit retention of input and rote memorization of uncomplicated facts and skills. Level Two, or conceptual learning, is roughly equivalent to the ability to manipulate and transform inputs, that is, the power to solve issues.

Later, Jensen was an important advocate in the mainstream acceptance of the general factor of intelligence, a concept which was essentially synonymous with his Level II conceptual learning. The full general factor, or 1000, is an abstraction that stems from the ascertainment that scores on all forms of cerebral tests correlate positively with one some other.

Jensen claimed, on the ground of his research, that full general cognitive power is essentially an inherited trait, determined predominantly by genetic factors rather than by environmental conditions. He besides contended that while associative learning, or memorizing ability, is as distributed among the races, conceptual learning, or synthesizing ability, occurs with significantly greater frequency in whites than in non-whites.

Jensen'southward most controversial work, published in February 1969 in the Harvard Educational Review, was titled "How Much Tin Nosotros Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?" It concluded, amid other things, that Head Outset programs designed to boost African-American IQ scores had failed, and that this was likely never to be remedied, largely because, in Jensen'south estimation, 80% of the variance in IQ in the population studied was the result of genetic factors and the rest was due to environmental influences.[12]

The work became one of the most cited papers in the history of psychological testing and intelligence research, although a big number of citations consisted of rebuttals of Jensen'southward piece of work, or references to it as an example of a controversial paper.[13]

After the paper was released, large protests were held, demanding that Jensen exist fired. Jensen's auto tires were slashed, the university police provided him with plain-clothes bodyguards, and he and his family received threats that were considered so realistic by the constabulary that they temporarily left their house. Jensen was spat on and was prevented from delivering lectures by disruptive protests. The editorial board of the Harvard Educational Review for a fourth dimension refused to allow him have reprints of his article, and said that they had not solicited the department on racial differences; Jensen later provided correspondence in which the lath had requested he do so.[fourteen] [fifteen] [16]

In a later article, Jensen argued that his claims had been misunderstood:

...nowhere have I "claimed" an "innate deficiency" of intelligence in blacks. My position on this question is clearly spelled out in my near recent book: "The plain fact is that now there exists no scientifically satisfactory explanation for the differences betwixt the IQ distributions in the blackness and white populations. The just 18-carat consensus amid well-informed scientists on this topic is that the crusade of the difference remains an open question." (Jensen, 1981a, p. 213).

Jensen was amongst the nigh frequent contributors to the German journal Neue Anthropologie, a publication founded by the neo-Nazi Jürgen Rieger, and served alongside Rieger on this journal'south editorial board.[17] [xviii] [19]

In 1994 he was one of 52 signatories on "Mainstream Science on Intelligence,[xx] " an editorial written by Linda Gottfredson and published in The Wall Street Journal, which declared the consensus of the signing scholars on the pregnant and significance of IQ post-obit the publication of the book The Bell Curve. Jensen received $one.1 million from the Pioneer Fund,[21] [22] an organization frequently described equally racist and white supremacist in nature.[23] [24] [25] [26] The fund contributed a full of $three.5 1000000 to researchers cited in The Bong Curve's most controversial chapter "that suggests some races are naturally smarter than others" with Jensen's works being cited xx-three times in the book'due south bibliography.[27]

In 2005, Jensen'southward commodity, co-written with J. Philippe Rushton, named "Thirty Years of Research on Race Differences in Cognitive Power", was published in the APA journal Psychology, Public Policy, and Police force. Jensen and Rushton nowadays ten categories of evidence in support of the notion that IQ differences between whites and blacks are partly genetic in origin.[28]

Death [edit]

He died on October 22, 2012 at his habitation in Kelseyville, California at historic period 89.[1]

Cess [edit]

Support [edit]

Paul E. Meehl of the University of Minnesota, afterwards being honored by the APA, wrote that Jensen's "contributions, in both quality and quantity, certainly excelled mine" and that he was "embarrassed" and "distress[ed]" that APA refused to honor Jensen because of his ideology.[29]

Sandra Scarr of Yale University wrote that Jensen possessed an "uncompromising personal integrity" and set the standard for "honest psychological scientific discipline". She assorted him and his work favorably to some of his critics, who she called "politically driven liars, who misconstrue scientific facts in a misguided and condescending endeavor to protect an impossible myth about human equality".[fourteen]

Steven J. Haggbloom, writing for Review of General Psychology in 2002, rated Jensen as one of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century, based on 6 unlike metrics chosen past Haggbloom.[30]

Francis Crick considered that there was "much substance to Jensen's arguments."[31]

In 1980 Jensen published a book in defence of the tests used to measure mental abilities, titled Bias in Mental Testing. Reviewing this book, psychologist Kenneth Kaye endorsed Jensen'southward stardom between bias and discrimination, saying that he establish many of Jensen'southward opponents to be more politically biased than Jensen was.[32]

Although a critic of Jensen'south thesis,[33] economist Thomas Sowell, criticizing the taboo against research on race and intelligence, wrote:

Professor Jensen pointed out back in 1969 that black children's IQ scores rose past 8 to 10 points after he met with them informally in a play room and so tested them over again after they were more relaxed around him. He did this because "I felt these children were really brighter than their IQ would point." What a shame that others seem to have less confidence in black children than Professor Jensen has had.[34]

Criticism [edit]

Melvin Konner of Emory Academy, wrote:

Statements made past Arthur Jensen, William Shockley, and other investigators in the late 1960s and early 1970s nearly race and IQ or social class and IQ rapidly passed into currency in policy discussions. Many of these statements were proved wrong, but they had already influenced some policymakers, and that influence is very hard to recant.

Lisa Suzuki and Joshua Aronson of New York University wrote that Jensen had largely ignored evidence which failed to back up his position that IQ test score gaps represent genetic racial differences.[35]

Paleontologist and evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould criticized Jensen'south work in his 1981 book The Mismeasure of Man. Gould writes that Jensen misapplies the concept of "heritability", which is divers every bit a measure of the variation of a trait due to inheritance inside a population (Gould 1981: 127; 156–157). According to Gould, Jensen uses heritability to measure differences betwixt populations.[ citation needed ] Gould also disagrees with Jensen's belief that IQ tests measure out a real variable, g, or "the general factor common to a large number of cognitive abilities" which can be measured along a unilinear calibration. This is a claim most closely identified with Charles Spearman. According to Gould, Jensen misunderstood the research of Fifty. L. Thurstone to ultimately support this claim; Gould, nevertheless, argues that Thurstone'south gene analysis of intelligence revealed grand to exist an illusion (1981: 159; 13-314). Gould criticizes Jensen'south sources including his utilize of Catharine Cox's 1926 Genetic Studies of Genius, which examines historiometrically the IQs of historic intellectuals after their deaths (Gould 1981: 153–154).

Neutral responses [edit]

According to David Lubinski of Vanderbilt University, the "extent to which [Jensen'due south] work was either admired or reviled by many distinguished scientists is unparalleled."[36]

After Jensen's death, James Flynn of the Academy of Otago, a prominent advocate of the environmental position, told The New York Times that Jensen was without racial bias and had not initially foreseen that his research would be used to argue for racial supremacy and that his career was "allegorical of the extent to which American scholarship is inhibited by political orthodoxy", though he noted that Jensen shifted towards genetic explanations after in life.[1]

Books [edit]

Bias in Mental Testing [edit]

Bias in Mental Testing (1980) is a volume examining the question of test bias in commonly used standardized tests. The book runs well-nigh 800 pages and has been chosen "exhaustive" by three researchers who reviewed the field 19 years later on the book's publication.[37] It reviewed in detail the available evidence about test bias across major US racial/ethnic groups. Jensen ended that "the currently most widely used standardized tests of mental ability -- IQ, scholastic aptitude, and achievement tests -- are, by and large, not biased against any of the native-born English-speaking minority groups on which the amount of research show is sufficient for an objective determination of bias, if the tests were in fact biased. For about nonverbal standardized tests, this generalization is non limited to English-speaking minorities." (p. 9). Jensen also published a summary of the book the same year which was a target article in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences to which 27 commentaries were printed along with the author'due south answer.[38]

Direct Talk about Mental Tests [edit]

Directly Talk almost Mental Tests (1981) is a book written most psychometrics for the general public. John B. Carroll reviewed it favorably in 1982, maxim it was a useful summary of the issues,[39] as did Paul Cline writing for the British Journal of Psychiatry.[40] In 2016, Richard J. Haier chosen it "a clear exam of all problems surrounding mental testing".[41]

The thou Factor [edit]

The 1000 Factor: The Science of Mental Ability (1998) is a volume on the general intelligence factor (grand). The volume deals with the intellectual history of g and diverse models of how to conceptualize intelligence, and with the biological correlates of thou, its heritability, and its practical predictive ability.

Clocking the Mind [edit]

Clocking the Mind: Mental Chronometry and Individual Differences (2006) deals with mental chronometry (MC), and covers the speed with which the brain processes information and dissimilar means this is measured. Jensen argues mental chronometry represents a truthful natural scientific discipline of mental ability, which is in dissimilarity to IQ, which merely represents an interval (ranking) calibration and thus possesses no true ratio scale backdrop.

Joseph Glicksohn wrote in a 2007 review for Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology that "The volume should be perused with care in order to ensure the further assisting use of [reaction time] in both experimental and differential lines of enquiry."[42]

Douglas Detterman reviewed it in 2008 for Intelligence, writing that "the book would make a expert introduction to the field of the measurement of individual differences in cognitive tasks for beginning graduate students."[43] Eric-Jan Wagenmakers and Han van der Mass, also writing for Intelligence in 2018, faulted the volume for omitting the work past mathematical psychologists, advocating standardization of chronometric methods (which the authors consider problematic because it can hide method variance), and considering information technology does not discuss topics such every bit the mutualism model of the g-factor and the Flynn consequence. They depict the volume's breadth equally useful, despite its simplistic arroyo.[44] Jensen was on the editorial board of Intelligence when these reviews were published.

Awards [edit]

In 2003, Jensen was awarded the Kistler Prize for original contributions to the understanding of the connexion between the human genome and human society. In 2006, the International Society for Intelligence Research awarded Jensen its Lifetime Accomplishment Award.[45]

See also [edit]

  • Heritability of IQ
  • Race and intelligence
  • History of the race and intelligence controversy
  • Jensen box

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Play a joke on, Margalit (November i, 2012). "Arthur R. Jensen Dies at 89; Ready Off Contend About I.Q." The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved November 2, 2012. Arthur R. Jensen, an educational psychologist who ignited an international firestorm with a 1969 article suggesting that the gap in intelligence-test scores between black and white students might be rooted in genetic differences between the races, died on Oct. 22 at his home in Kelseyville, Calif. He was 89. ...
  2. ^ "Arthur Jensen" (PDF). Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on April ane, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
  3. ^ "Nerveless works". Arthurjensen.cyberspace . Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  4. ^ Intelligence[1] and Personality and Individual Differences[2] Archived 2002-10-28 at the Wayback Automobile publisher's pages.
  5. ^ Feldman, Marcus W.; Ramachandran, Sohini (February 12, 2018). "Missing compared to what? Revisiting heritability, genes and culture". Philosophical Transactions of the Majestic Society B: Biological Sciences. 373 (1743): 20170064. doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0064. PMC5812976. PMID 29440529.
  6. ^ Panofsky, Aaron (2014). Misbehaving Scientific discipline. Controversy and the Evolution of Behavior Genetics. Chicago: Academy of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0-226-05831-3.
  7. ^ Carl, Noah; Woodley of Menie, Michael A. (November ane, 2019). "A scientometric analysis of controversies in the field of intelligence enquiry". Intelligence. 77: 101397. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2019.101397. ISSN 0160-2896. S2CID 209513578.
  8. ^ Current biography yearbook. H.W. Wilson Visitor. 1974. ISBN9780824205430 . Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  9. ^ Jensen, Arthur Robert; Miele, Frank (2002). Intelligence, race, and genetics: conversations with Arthur R. Jensen (illustrated ed.). Westview Press. p. 242. ISBN978-0-8133-4008-1.
  10. ^ Forsythe, Alex (May 28, 2019). Key Thinkers in Individual Difference. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 143–150. ISBN978-1-138-49415-ii.
  11. ^ "Biography of Arthur R. Jensen". OhioLINK Finding Assistance Repository. Ohio EAD Task Force. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  12. ^ "High Impact Scientific discipline and the Case of Arthur Jensen" (PDF). October 9, 1978. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
  13. ^ Johnson, Wendy (2012). "How Much Can We Boost IQ? An Updated Look at Jensen'southward (1969) Question and Answer". In Slater, Alan Thou.; Quinn, Paul C. (eds.). Developmental Psychology: Revisiting the Classic Studies. Psychology: Revisiting the Classic Studies. Yard Oaks (CA): SAGE. pp. 118–131, 123. ISBN978-0-85702-757-3. The commodity itself became one of the well-nigh highly cited in the history of psychology, only many of the citations were rebuttals of Jensen's arguments or used the paper as an case of controversy.
  14. ^ a b Scarr, Sandra (1998). "On Arthur Jensen'southward integrity". Intelligence. 26 (3): 227–232. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(99)80005-1.
  15. ^ Nyborg, Helmuth (2003). The Scientific Report of General Intelligence: Tribute to Arthur Jensen. Elsevier. pp. 458–9. ISBN9780080516660.
  16. ^ Information, Reed Business (1972). New Scientist. Reed Business organisation Information. p. 96.
  17. ^ Banghard, Karl (2015). "Die DGUF-Gründung 1969 als Reaktion auf den extrem rechten Kulturkampf". Archäologische Informationen. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ur- und Frühgeschichte. Archäologische Informationen (38): 433–452. doi:10.11588/ai.2015.i.26207.
  18. ^ "Arthur Jensen". Southern Poverty Law Center.
  19. ^ Tucker, William H. (1996). The Science and Politics of Racial Research. University of Illinois Press. pp. 262–263. ISBN9780252065606.
  20. ^ Gottfredson, Linda (December 13, 1994). Mainstream Science on Intelligence. The Wall Street Journal, p A18.
  21. ^ Adam, Miller (1994) [Winter, 1994-1995]. "The Pioneer Fund: Bankrolling the Professors of Hate". The Periodical of Blacks in Higher Education (6): 58–61. doi:10.2307/2962466. JSTOR 2962466. A 1969 article by University of California at Berkeley educational psychology professor Arthur Jensen, who has received more than $1 million in Pioneer funds, argued that black students' poor bookish functioning was due to irreversible genetic deficiencies, so programs similar Head Kickoff were useless and should exist replaced by vocational education.
  22. ^ Blakemore, Beak; Jennings, Peter; Nissen, Beth (November 22, 1994). "The Bell Curve and the Pioneer Fund". ABC World News This evening. ABC News. Retrieved June 6, 2012. Psychologist Arthur Jensen received $1.1 million from the Pioneer Fund. Xx five years ago, he started writing that blacks may be genetically less intelligent than whites. Vanderbilt Television News Archive : ABC Evening News for Tuesday, Nov 22, 1994. Headline: American Agenda (Intelligence)
  23. ^ Falk, Avner (2008). Anti-semitism : a history and psychoanalysis of contemporary hatred. Westport, Conn: Praeger. pp. 18–nineteen. ISBN9780313353840. Since his death in 1972, Draper and the Pioneer Fund have been criticized for funding "race and intelligence research," which is a euphemism for "scientific" racism (Kenny 2002, Tucker 2002). Draper has become fifty-fifty more than controversial since the publication of The Bell Curve (Herrnstein & Murray 1994), which purported to prove that white people'southward intelligence was superior to black people'due south intelligence, because the Pioneer Fund supported the controversial research in the book (Fraser 1995; Jacoby & Glauberman 1995; Baum 2004).
  24. ^ Tucker, William (2002). The funding of scientific racism : Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 1–iii. ISBN9780252027628. Leon Kamim, professor of psychology at Northeastern University and a well-known critic of hereditarian studies, observed that Herrnstein and Murray, in their discussion of race and IQ, had turned for assistance to Richard Lynn, whom they described as "a leading scholar of racial and ethnic differences," "I will not mince words," wrote Kamin, calling it a "shame and disgrace that ii eminent social scientists ... take as their scientific tutor Richard Lynn ... an associate editor of the vulgarly racist journal Flesh Quarterly ... [and] a major recipient of support from the nativist and eugenically oriented Pioneer Fund.
  25. ^ Wroe, Andrew (2008). The Republican party and clearing politics : from Proposition 187 to George Due west. Bush. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. lxxx–81. ISBN9780230600539. According to Taxpayers the Pioneer Fund in its first charter had chosen for the encouragement of the "reproduction of individuals descended predominantly from white persons who settled in the original 13 states or from related stock." Taxpayers besides claimed that the fund supported racist research, including that of notorious scientist William B. Shockley. In a press release, "taxpayers described the Pioneer Fund as a "white supremacist" organization. What was the racist link between Prop. 187 and the Pioneer Fund? Taxpayers claimed that the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) had received S600,000 in grants since 1988 from the Pioneer Fund, and that Alan Nelson was Fair's lobbyist in Sacramento when he coauthored Prop. 187.
  26. ^ "Pioneer Fund". Intelligence Files : Groups. Southern Poverty Law Centre. Retrieved June half-dozen, 2012. Ideology: White Nationalist. Started in 1937 by textile magnate Wickliffe Draper, the Pioneer Fund's original mandate was to pursue "race betterment" by promoting the genetic stock of those "deemed to be descended predominantly from white persons who settled in the original thirteen states prior to the adoption of the Constitution." Today, it yet funds studies of race and intelligence, too every bit eugenics, the "science" of breeding superior man beings that was discredited by diverse Nazi atrocities. The Pioneer Fund has supported many of the leading Anglo-American race scientists of the last several decades too equally anti-immigration groups such as the Federation for American Immigration Reform (Off-white).
  27. ^ Montagu, Ashley (2002). Race and IQ (two ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195102215. And many of The Bell Curve'south most important assertions which establish causal links between IQ and social beliefs, and IQ and race, are derived partially or totally from the Mankind Quarterly Pioneer Fund scholarly circle. The Academy of California'due south Arthur Jensen, cited twenty-three times in The Bell Curve's bibliography, is the book'southward master authority on the intellectual inferiority of blacks. He has received $i.ane million from the Pioneer Fund.
  28. ^ Rushton, J. Philippe; Jensen, Arthur R. (2005). "Xxx Years of Research on Race Differences in Cognitive Power" (PDF). Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 11 (2): 235–294. CiteSeerX10.one.1.186.102. doi:x.1037/1076-8971.11.two.235. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2012.
  29. ^ Meehl, Paul Due east. "Psychology of the Scientist: LXXVIII. Relevance of a Scientist's Ideology in communal Recognition of Scientific Merit". CiteSeerXx.1.1.693.3454.
  30. ^ Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason Due east.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea Yard.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell, John L.; Beavers, Jamie; Monte, Emmanuelle (2002). "The 100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20th Century". Review of General Psychology. SAGE Publications. 6 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. ISSN 1089-2680. S2CID 145668721.
  31. ^ Francis, Crick (Feb 22, 1971). "Alphabetic character from Francis Crick to John T. Edsall, Fogarty International Eye". profiles.nlm.nih.gov.
  32. ^ Grand. Kaye, The Sciences, January 1981, pp. 26-28.
  33. ^ Sowell, Thomas (May 1973). "Arthur Jensen and His Critics: The Great IQ Controversy". Change. five (4): 33–37. doi:10.1080/00091383.1973.10568506. JSTOR 40161749. Even for ane who disagrees, equally I do, with the main conclusions of the analysis...
  34. ^ Thomas Sowell (October 1, 2002). "Race and IQ". Retrieved Nov 14, 2008.
  35. ^ The cultural malleability of intelligence and its touch on the racial/ethnic hierarchy L Suzuki, J Aronson – Psychology, Public Policy, and Police force, 2005
  36. ^ Lubinski, David (2013). "Arthur R. Jensen (1923–2012)". American Psychologist. 68 (5): 396–397. doi:10.1037/a0032872. PMID 23895609.
  37. ^ Brown, Robert T.; Reynolds, Cecil R.; Whitaker, Jean Due south. (1999). "Bias in mental testing since Bias in Mental Testing". School Psychology Quarterly. 14 (3): 208–238. doi:x.1037/h0089007. S2CID 46561407.
  38. ^ Jensen, Arthur R. (1980). "Précis of Bias in Mental Testing". Behavioral and Encephalon Sciences. iii (3): 325–333. doi:ten.1017/s0140525x00005161. S2CID 145366637.
  39. ^ Carroll, John B. (1982). "Tin Nosotros Defuse the IQ Controversy?". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews. 27 (seven): 528–529. doi:10.1037/021298.
  40. ^ Kline, Paul (May 1982). "Direct Talk about Mental Tests. By Arthur R. Jensen. New York: The Complimentary Press. 1981. Pp 269. $12.95". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 140 (5): 544–five. doi:10.1017/S0007125000136682. S2CID 150270344.
  41. ^ Haier, Richard J. (2016). The Neuroscience of Intelligence. New York, NY. ISBN9781316105771. OCLC 951742581.
  42. ^ Glicksohn, Joseph (2007). "Review of Arthur R. Jensen (2006)--Clocking the listen: Mental chronometry and private differences". Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology. 61 (2): 154–158. doi:10.1037/cep2007_2_154.
  43. ^ Detterman, Douglas K. (2008). "Arthur R. Jensen, Clocking the mind: Mental chronometry and individual differences, Elsevier, Oxford (2007)". Intelligence. 36 (5): 491–493. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2007.08.001.
  44. ^ Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Van Der Maas, Han (2008). "Jensen A.R., Clocking the mind: Mental chronometry and private differences, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006) (pp. xi+ 272)". Intelligence. 36 (five): 493–494. doi:ten.1016/j.intell.2007.09.001. ISBN978-0-08-044939-5.
  45. ^ "2006 Lifetime Achievement Award". isironline.org. International Gild for Intelligence Research. December 25, 2006. Retrieved Oct 18, 2015.

Farther reading [edit]

Interviews [edit]

  • "Profiles in Research. Arthur Jensen. Interview by Daniel H. Robinson and Howard Wainer." Periodical of Educational and Behavioral Statistics Fall 2006, Vol. 31, No. iii, pp. 327–352
  • Intelligence, Race, and Genetics: Conversations with Arthur R. Jensen. (2002) Frank Miele (of Skeptic Magazine). Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-4008-10

Selected manufactures, books, and book capacity [edit]

  • Jensen. A. R. (1973). Educational differences. London. Methuen. google books link
  • Jensen, A. R. (1974). "Ethnicity and scholastic achievement". Psychological Reports. 34 (two): 659–668. doi:x.2466/pr0.1974.34.ii.659. PMID 4820518. S2CID 39368418.
  • Jensen, A. R. (1974). "Kinship correlations reported by Sir Cyril Burt". Behavior Genetics. iv (1): 1–28. doi:10.1007/bf01066704. PMID 4593437. S2CID 5422380.
  • Jensen, A. R. (1989). "The relationship betwixt learning and intelligence". Learning and Individual Differences. 1: 37–62. doi:10.1016/1041-6080(89)90009-5.
  • Jensen, A. R. (1993). "Why is reaction time correlated with psychometric one thousand?". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2 (2): 53–56. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770697. S2CID 144868447.
  • Jensen, A. R. (1993). Spearman's g: Links between psychometrics and biological science. In F. 1000. Crinella, & J. Yu (Eds.), Brain mechanisms: Papers in memory of Robert Thompson (pp. 103–129). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
  • Jensen, A. R. (1995). "Psychological enquiry on race differences". American Psychologist. 50: 41–42. doi:ten.1037/0003-066x.50.i.41.
  • Jensen, A. R. (1996). Giftedness and genius: Crucial differences. In C. P. Benbow, & D. J. Lubinski (Eds), Intellectual talent: Psychometric and social issues (pp. 393–411). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
  • Jensen, A. R. (1998) The g factor and the design of educational activity. In R. J. Sternberg & Due west. M. Williams (Eds.), Intelligence, teaching, and assessment: Theory into practice. (pp. 111–131). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Jensen, A. R. (2000). "Testing: The dilemma of grouping differences". Psychology, Public Policy, and Police. vi: 121–128. doi:x.1037/1076-8971.half-dozen.1.121.
  • Jensen, A. R. (2002). "Galton's legacy to research on intelligence". Journal of Biosocial Scientific discipline. 34 (2): 145–172. doi:ten.1017/s0021932002001451. PMID 11926452. S2CID 20153127.
  • Jensen, A. R. (2002). Psychometric g: Definition and substantiation. In R. J. Sternberg, & E. 50. Grigorenko (Eds.). The general factor of intelligence: How general is it? (pp. 39–53). Mahwah, NJ, United states: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Kranzler, J. H.; Jensen, A. R. (1989). "Inspection time and intelligence: A meta-analysis". Intelligence. 13 (4): 329–347. doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(89)80006-6.
  • Rushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R.. (2005). 30 years of research on Black-White differences in cerebral ability. Psychology, Public Policy, & the Law, xi, 235–294. (pdf)
  • Rushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R. (2003). African-White IQ differences from Republic of zimbabwe on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised are mainly on the thou factor. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 177–183. (pdf)
  • Rushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R. (2005). Wanted: More race-realism, less moralistic fallacy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Police force, 11, 328–336. (pdf)

External links [edit]

  • Arthur Robert Jensen memorial site
  • Jensen's Response to Gould's Criticisms
  • Arthur Jensen publications indexed past Google Scholar
  • Jensen biography at Southern Poverty Law Center

bormanyoulty.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Jensen

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